Fund strategies

How private real estate funds invest.

Every private real estate fund sits somewhere on a risk-return spectrum, from conservative core income to high-octane opportunistic development. Here is what each strategy means, and the funds we track within it — vintages, and the net-IRR and TVPI they have reported.

Opportunistic

Opportunistic funds target the highest returns in private real estate: ground-up development, distressed acquisitions, major repositioning and complex situations. They use the most leverage and take the most risk, aiming for equity-like returns.

2 fundsMedian IRR 16.1%Median TVPI 1.33x
Value-Add

Value-add real estate funds buy assets with a fixable problem — under-management, vacancy, deferred capex or an expiring lease — and create value through repositioning before selling. Returns sit between core and opportunistic, with moderate leverage and a defined business plan per asset.

6 fundsMedian IRR 20.2%Median TVPI 1.40x
Core

Core funds own stabilised, well-let, high-quality assets in prime locations. They use low leverage and target steady, income-led returns — the most conservative end of the private real-estate risk spectrum.

3 fundsMedian IRR 5.0%Median TVPI 1.77x
Real Estate Debt

Real estate debt funds lend against property rather than owning the equity — senior loans, mezzanine and preferred positions. Returns come from interest income and fees, with the borrower's equity absorbing first losses.

1 fundsMedian TVPI 0.97x
Secondaries

Real estate secondaries funds buy existing limited-partner stakes and recapitalise funds, offering earlier liquidity and a more diversified, already-invested portfolio at acquisition.

1 fundsMedian IRR -59.1%Median TVPI 0.80x
Diversified & Other

Diversified real-estate strategies span multiple risk profiles and property types in a single vehicle, or pursue niche approaches that don't map to a single classic bucket.

448 fundsMedian IRR 8.6%Median TVPI 1.30x

Fund-level detail lives in the fund performance database (Pro). See also all fund managers.