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The BNP Paribas Real Estate Q4 2025 Investment Market Berlin report covers Berlin's real estate transaction volume of €3.25 billion, down 8.5% from the previous year but slightly exceeding the three-year average. The report notes that Berlin maintained its position as the leading A-location in Germany, with the largest transaction being the Upper West sale for over €400 million, and reports prime yields of 4.25% for offices, 3.85% for premium retail, and 4.50% for logistics properties.

Frankfurt's commercial real estate investment market recorded €770 million in transaction volume during 2025, a 52.6% decline from 2024, with no deals exceeding €100 million and a weakened office segment representing only 40% of investments compared to its long-term average of two-thirds. The document notes that a substantial pipeline of large-volume properties including Opernturm, Westend Duo, Trianon, and the Wave are in advanced negotiation stages, and forecasts a significant recovery in 2026 driven by strong office leasing fundamentals with 611,000 square meters of space concluded.

Central London office take-up totalled 2.63 million sq ft in Q4 2025 with 188 transactions completed, down 19% year-on-year and 13% below the ten-year average, though the year saw 10 transactions over 100,000 sq ft—the highest in three years—driven by strong demand from Insurance & Financial Services (31% of space), Tech & Media resurgence, and preference for high-quality space with 77% of 2025 lettings in recently developed or refurbished buildings. Central London investment turnover reached £9.88 billion across 220 transactions in 2025, up 48% on 2024, with vacancy rates at 7.4% (down 40bps quarterly and 10bps year-on-year), City Prime rents reaching a record £105.26 per sq ft (up 6.8%), West End Prime rents at £166.61 per sq ft (up 6

Cushman & Wakefield's Q4 2025 MarketBeat report on Regional and South East office markets covers take-up, supply, rental values, and investment activity across the Big Five regional markets (Birmingham, Bristol, Edinburgh, Leeds, Manchester) and the South East, finding that 2025 saw 6.4 million sq ft of take-up (10% below 2024 and 13% below the five-year average) and £1,861.7 million in investment (the lowest annual total since 2012), with Q4 showing a 12% quarter-on-quarter increase in take-up driven by Grade A activity and a 10.8% vacancy rate. The report projects 2026 will see continued rental growth, persistent Grade A supply constraints, and increasing investment activity supported by easing interest rates and improving credit conditions, with momentum expected to build as occupier demand for high-quality space and flexibility intensifies.
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Birmingham's office market recorded 288,018 sq ft of take-up in Q4 2025, the highest fourth-quarter figure since 2017, representing a 110% increase from Q4 2024, with annual 2025 take-up totaling 703,430 sq ft and professional services accounting for 40% of activity. Headline rents reached £46 per sq ft in Q4 2025 and subsequently increased to £52 per sq ft in early 2026, with Savills forecasting continued prime rent growth over the next five years as supply remains constrained.

Knight Frank's Q3 2025 UK Cities Office Market Review analyzes leasing, supply, investment, and rental trends across ten regional UK office markets including Aberdeen, Birmingham, Bristol, Cardiff, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Leeds, Manchester, Newcastle, and Sheffield. Key findings include leasing activity reaching 2.5 million square feet in the first half of 2025 with year-on-year growth, seven of ten cities recording rental increases as high as 20%, limited new and Grade A space availability at a 3.0% vacancy rate, investment volumes of £373.5 million in H1, and stable prime asset pricing at 6.50%.

Office take-up in the UK regional markets and South East totalled 1.44 million square feet in Q3 2025, representing a 5% increase from Q2 but remaining 14% below the five-year quarterly average, with Grade A space accounting for 72% of activity. Refurbishments comprised 66% of all space delivered in 2025 as new development slowly returned, with 3.4 million square feet under construction across regional markets and headline rents rising in four of the Big Five cities to levels including Bristol at £50 per square foot and Birmingham at £46 per square foot.

Manchester's office market recorded 771,511 square feet of take-up across 147 transactions in Q1–Q3 2025, with the TMT sector accounting for 37% of activity and Grade A and Prime space comprising 50% of total take-up. Total availability declined 3% to 2.8 million square feet by end-Q3 2025, reducing the overall vacancy rate by 40 basis points to 10.7%, while Grade A vacancy fell to 2.9% and Prime remained at 2.1%.

Berlin's office market recorded 362,000 sqm of take-up in the first three quarters of 2025, approximately 14% lower than the prior year, though demand in smaller segments up to 5,000 sqm reached 320,000 sqm, the highest level since 2019. Prime rents increased 2% in Q3 and 4% year-on-year to €47/sqm, with city zones accounting for 60% of take-up and holding 71% of under-construction space.

Frankfurt's office market achieved 457,900 m² of take-up in the first three quarters of 2025, representing 77% growth over the five-year average and 30% above the full-year 2024 result, driven primarily by the Banking and Financial Sector's 151,000 m² contribution and anchored by Commerzbank's 73,000 m² lease of the Central Business Tower. The prime rent increased to €52.00/m²/month (up 7.2% year-over-year), the vacancy rate stood at 11.5%, and Cushman & Wakefield forecasts full-year take-up between 525,000 and 550,000 m² with no further prime rent growth expected by year-end.

Frankfurt's office market recorded 338,600 square meters of take-up in the first half of 2025, representing 86% growth compared to the prior year, with the vacancy rate at 11.1% and prime rent reaching €51.00 per square meter per month as of Q2 2025. The business climate index in Hesse improved to 95 points in early summer 2025, driven by a special government fund decision, though companies identified general economic conditions, domestic demand, and labor costs as primary risks to their development.

Knight Frank's H1 2025 Office Market Mid Year Review examines leasing, supply, investment, and rental trends across ten UK regional cities including Aberdeen, Birmingham, Bristol, Cardiff, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Leeds, Manchester, Newcastle, and Sheffield. The report finds that regional leasing activity reached 2.5 million square feet in the first half of 2025 (7% above H1 2024), seven of ten cities recorded year-on-year rental growth reaching as high as 20%, but investment volumes were subdued at £373.5 million and new grade A office space availability remained critically tight at 3.0% vacancy, creating intense competition for quality space.

Manchester's office market saw take-up of 581,974 sq ft across 102 transactions in H1 2025, representing 14% growth versus H1 2024 and 31% above the five-year H1 average, with the TMT sector accounting for 42% of leasing activity. Overall availability decreased to 2.9 million sq ft with an 11.1% vacancy rate, while Prime headline rent stands at £45 per sq ft with expected growth above £50 per sq ft as new speculative development including the 243,000 sq ft Republic scheme commences.

Edmonton recorded 96,144 square feet of positive net absorption in Q1 2026, with overall vacancy holding steady at 15.4%, as downtown strength—driven by the Financial district and Government cluster—offset modest suburban softness. The market is shifting toward "flight to experience" strategies where high-tier properties emphasize hospitality-driven services and plug-and-play solutions, while tenants increasingly favor flexible lease terms and furnished suites to manage build-out costs and timelines.

Montreal's office vacancy in the Greater Montreal Area declined to 17.8% in Q1 2026, driven by strengthening demand for top-tier assets in the Downtown Core. The industrial vacancy rate also declined modestly quarter-over-quarter in Q1 2026, reversing part of the increase witnessed through Q3 2025.

The Greater Montreal Area office market in Q1 2026 experienced a total availability rate of 18.4%, down from the previous quarter, with positive net absorption of 252,000 square feet marking the fifth consecutive quarter of growth since 2019. Sublease space declined to 10.9% of available inventory (its lowest level since 2021), while residential conversion projects added 417,000 square feet to the 1.2 million square feet already converted, and a major office sale of the Deloitte Tower to DekaBank for $279 million ($540 per square foot) indicated signs of recovery in higher-quality assets.

This is a market report published by Colliers in March 2026 covering the office sector in Calgary's Beltline and suburban areas for the first quarter of 2026.

This is a market report published by Colliers in March 2026 covering the office sector in Montreal, Quebec, Canada during the first quarter of 2026.

This is a market report published by JLL in March 2026 covering office sector dynamics in Ottawa during the first quarter of 2026.

The Edmonton office market in Q1 2026 experienced positive absorption of 23,278 square feet, reducing the city-wide vacancy rate to 17.8%, with gross asking rents at $32.51 per square foot across all property classes. Notable activity included ATCO's announced relocation to ATCO Centre (accommodating approximately 1,200 employees), the Intact Building sale for $24 million at a 10.22% capitalization rate, and increased downtown foot traffic following the Alberta government's October 2025 announcement of mandatory full-time in-office work beginning February 2026.

Calgary's office market in Q1 2026 recorded 46,589 square feet of city-wide absorption with an overall vacancy rate of 22.8%, down 0.1% from the previous quarter, while downtown faced structural headwinds from energy sector consolidation and M&A activity with a 27.6% vacancy rate, though the Beltline and suburbs showed resilience with respective vacancy rates of 15.6% and 16.2%. Startup energy companies and residential conversions emerged as positive drivers, with investor confidence reflected in strategic acquisitions including Dominium's $60 million purchase of the Imperial Oil campus in Quarry Park and other notable transactions in the suburban and urban submarkets.
Office-using employment in Quebec contracted 0.9% year over year as of February 2026, driven largely by declines in information, culture and recreation sectors. The Greater Montreal Area's office vacancy rate fell 50 basis points from the prior year to 17.0%, its lowest level since mid-2024, with Class A and transit-connected properties continuing to lead leasing activity.

Calgary office vacancy reached 21.2% in Q1 2026, down 200 basis points from a year ago. Industrial vacancy was essentially flat at 5.2%, up just 10 basis points from the prior quarter, while retail vacancy rose to 4.7% at year-end 2025 from 3.6% in Q3 2025.

This is a first-quarter 2026 data report on the Ottawa office market published by CBRE on March 31, 2026.

This is a quarterly data report published by CBRE on March 31, 2026, presenting office sector figures for downtown Calgary, Alberta, Canada for the first quarter of 2026.

Ottawa's office market in Q1 2026 experienced rising vacancy to 13.3%, its highest level since Q4 2024, driven by significant job losses of 30,500 in the prior year and challenging economic conditions in the federal services sector. Despite increased vacancy, leasing activity rebounded to 305,000 square feet in Q1 2026, while overall average direct net asking rent decreased slightly to $17.72 per square foot.

This is a first-quarter 2026 market report on the Calgary office sector published by JLL on March 31, 2026.

This is a data figures report published by CBRE on March 31, 2026, presenting office sector metrics for Edmonton, Alberta in the first quarter of 2026.

This is a data-figures report published by CBRE on March 31, 2026, presenting first-quarter 2026 office market figures for suburban Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

This is a market report published by JLL on December 31, 2025, covering office sector dynamics in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada for the fourth quarter of 2025.

Ottawa's office market in Q4 2025 recorded a 12.3% overall vacancy rate with year-to-date net absorption of negative 34,000 square feet, while asking gross rent stood at $36.75 per square foot across all property classes. The report documents that Canada's unemployment rate declined to 6.5% in November 2025, but Ottawa's rate rose to 7.3%, and leasing activity in the quarter totaled 270,000 square feet, down quarter-over-quarter, with particular weakness in the Central Class A market.

This is a quarterly market report on the Ottawa office sector published by Colliers as of the fourth quarter of 2025. The report covers office market conditions and activity in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.

Oklahoma City's office market in Q1 2026 showed a 28.8% vacancy rate with $19.78 asking rent per square foot, driven by an economy with 3.6% unemployment (below the 3.4% national average) and diversified employment across energy, aerospace, technology, and manufacturing sectors. The market has experienced measured supply growth with 6,000 square feet of year-to-date net absorption, sustained leasing in North and Northwest submarkets, and is seeing tenant demand shift toward smaller, higher-quality spaces supported by generous tenant improvement allowances ranging from $30–$50 to $75–$100 per square foot for shell space.

This is a market report on the Toronto office sector published by Colliers in the first quarter of 2026. The report covers office market conditions and activity in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

This is a first-quarter 2026 data report on Pittsburgh office market figures published by CBRE, with geographic scope including Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and national comparisons.

This is a market report published by Colliers in Q1 2026 covering the office sector in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

This is a data figures report published by CBRE on March 31, 2026, presenting office sector metrics for suburban Toronto in the first quarter of 2026.

The Greater Toronto office market experienced significant recovery in Q1 2026, with the overall availability rate declining 160 basis points to 17.6% and vacancy falling 140 basis points to 15.7%, driven largely by strong leasing activity that added 2.1 million square feet across the region. Downtown Toronto led the recovery with availability dropping to 15.5% and vacancy to 13.1%, while zero new office building completions occurred during the quarter, with only 1.4 million square feet from CIBC Square Phase II remaining under construction and scheduled for Q2 2026 delivery.

This is a data report published by CBRE on March 31, 2026, presenting office sector figures for Montreal in the first quarter of 2026.

Metro Vancouver's office market in Q1 2026 recorded an 11.2% overall vacancy rate with 263,000 square feet of year-to-date net absorption and asking rents at $53.68 per square foot, as vacancy declined by 20 basis points quarter-over-quarter despite minimal new construction and only one office building completion. Downtown Vancouver's vacancy fell to 13.9% with leasing activity rebounding to 502,000 square feet, driven by tenants upgrading to higher-quality Class A space, while across the broader metro region 17 office projects totaling 1.2 million square feet remain under construction with nearly 55% pre-leased, and sublease inventory continued its tenth consecutive quarter of decline as the market gradually rebalances toward direct space.

Toronto's office market entered 2026 with improving fundamentals as downtown vacancy declined to a three-year low of 14.4% in Q1 2026 while asking rents reached $52.41 per square foot across all property classes, with the Financial Core leading recovery but suburban markets showing uneven performance. GTA-wide new leasing activity totaled 2.6 million square feet, up 31.9% year-over-year and the strongest first-quarter performance since 2018, though downtown leasing cooled 48.5% quarter-over-quarter from the prior year's surge while Class A rent growth re-emerged at approximately 110 basis points quarterly amid a highly segmented recovery across asset classes and submarkets.

This is an office sector market report published by CBRE on March 31, 2026, presenting Q1 2026 figures for the Vancouver commercial real estate market.

Pittsburgh's office market in Q1 2026 experienced a marginal increase in overall vacancy to 17.4% amid year-to-date net absorption losses of 251,400 square feet, with asking rents at $25.77 per square foot across all property classes. Despite elevated vacancy, Class A space in the Central Business District remains in high demand with limited supply, enabling landlords to maintain pricing power and achieve 6.3% rent growth since the 2024 bottom, while expansion activity by tenants suggests some correction of earlier aggressive downsizing decisions.

This is a market report on the Montreal office sector published by JLL on March 31, 2026, covering Q1 2026 conditions. The report addresses office market dynamics in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

The Avison Young Metro Vancouver office market report for Q1 2026 tracks market fundamentals including a vacancy rate of 11.8% (down from 12.4% in Q4 2025), 8.0 million square feet available, $55.11 average gross asking rent per square foot, and 321,000 square feet of absorption in the quarter. Small and mid-sized tenants are driving leasing momentum particularly in the 3,000 to 8,000 square foot range, tenant requirements are becoming more function-focused, and elevated inducements remain central to leasing negotiations as the market gradually rebalances.

This is a market report published by JLL in March 2026 covering office sector dynamics in Toronto, Ontario for the first quarter of 2026.

This is a market report on the Pittsburgh office sector published by Colliers in Q1 2026, covering office market conditions in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania with reference to broader geographic contexts including Philadelphia and national markets.

This is a market report published by JLL on March 31, 2026, covering office sector dynamics in Vancouver, British Columbia during the first quarter of 2026.

Pittsburgh's office market showed early signs of stabilization in 2025, with positive net absorption in the third and fourth quarters helping to reduce overall vacancy to 24.4% by year-end, while Class A rents remained flat at approximately $29.59/SF and Class B edged modestly upward to $22.57/SF. The local economy outperformed national trends with Pittsburgh's unemployment at 3.9% versus 4.4% nationally as of September 2025, job growth led by Education and Healthcare at 3.8% and Financial activities at 2.3%, though the market experienced zero speculative office construction in 2025 due to persistent high vacancy and rising construction costs.

This is a data and figures report published by CBRE on December 31, 2025, presenting office sector metrics for Oklahoma City in the second half of 2025.

Oklahoma City's office market in Q4 2025 showed a 29.6% overall vacancy rate with negative year-to-date net absorption of 305,000 square feet and an asking rent of $19.18 per square foot, supported by strong economic fundamentals including 2.9% unemployment, 18% metro population growth since 2010, and diversification beyond energy into aerospace, technology, and manufacturing sectors. The market outlook indicates a shift toward smaller, high-quality spaces concentrated in North and Northwest submarkets, with tenant improvement allowances nearly doubling to $75–$100 per square foot for shell space and adaptive reuse projects converting office buildings to residential uses expected to help reduce vacancy pressures.

New Jersey's office market recorded its third consecutive quarter of positive net absorption in Q4 2025, with 758,000 square feet of year-to-date gains and an overall vacancy rate of 21.9% (16.4% using the median vacancy rate metric), while asking rents remained flat year-over-year at $32.33 per square foot. Northern New Jersey drove momentum with 1.6 million square feet of annual net occupancy gains and a declining vacancy rate, though Central New Jersey faced headwinds from major tenant departures including Sanofi's 467,149-square-foot sublease listing and MetLife's 400,000-square-foot exit in Bridgewater.

This is a market report published by Colliers on December 31, 2025, covering the office sector in Toronto, Ontario, Canada for the fourth quarter of 2025.

Northern New Jersey's office market recorded 1.9 million square feet of leasing activity in the first quarter of 2026, slightly below the two-year quarterly average of 2.1 million square feet, while the overall availability rate decreased 20 basis points to 22.7% driven by 240,846 square feet of positive net absorption. Key findings include sublease availability declining to 5.9 million square feet—the lowest level in six years—Class A office leasing accounting for more than 72.3% of overall activity, and overall asking rents averaging $32.12 per square foot with a 0.38% year-over-year increase, with Class A pricing at $35.29 per square foot representing a 9.3% premium.

Northern Virginia's office market recorded new leasing of 530,000 square feet in Q1 2026, down from 1.1 million square feet in Q1 2025, with overall vacancy rising to 24.0% and asking rents reaching $35.81 per square foot on a full-service basis. Class A assets captured 85% of new leasing and 95% of renewals, with Fairfax leading regional activity at 348,000 square feet of new leasing, while net absorption remained slightly negative at negative 27,000 square feet for the quarter.

This is a quarterly data report published by CBRE on March 31, 2026, presenting office sector figures for New Jersey in the first quarter of 2026, with coverage spanning northern New Jersey and national markets.

The Kansas City office market recorded 171,000 square feet of year-to-date net absorption in Q1 2026, with an overall vacancy rate of 18.7% and asking rent of $23.19 per square foot across all property classes. The market showed strong performance driven by large tenant move-ins at Crown Center and expected major occupancy of approximately 425,000 square feet at Aspiria later in 2026, though speculative development remains limited despite continued flight-to-quality trends favoring top-tier space.

The Richmond Office Market Overview for 1Q26 analyzes the Richmond metropolitan area's office sector, finding that the market experienced 89,000 SF of negative net absorption during the first quarter, ending with a 12.8% vacancy rate while rents increased 2.9% year-over-year to $23.52/SF. Major transactions included the sale of the Cox Road Portfolio (300,364 SF) and the Stony Point Portfolio (357,251 SF), while the region's economy remained strong with a 3.6% unemployment rate significantly below the national 4.4% average and office-using employment at 188,100 employees, 4.4% above pre-pandemic levels.

Richmond's office market in Q1 2026 showed overall vacancy declining to 11.5% (down 90 basis points year-over-year) with year-to-date net absorption of 119.7K square feet and asking rent at $23.35 per square foot, supported by sustained regional job growth including major expansions from Solstice Advanced Materials ($220 million) and Eaton ($50 million) that added over 300 jobs collectively. CBD Class A lease rates jumped 18.1% year-over-year as vacancy in that segment dropped 320 basis points, while speculative construction remained limited at 93,000 square feet of medical office underway, with redevelopment activity heating up including the Midtown 64 former Genworth campus project bringing over 200,000 square feet of modern office space online.

The St. Louis office market experienced a significant slowdown in the first quarter of 2026, with negative net absorption of 545,870 square feet and vacancy rising 140 basis points year-over-year to 15.0%, as tenants reassessed space needs amid hybrid work adoption and macroeconomic uncertainty. Average asking rental rates declined to $22.17 per square foot and are projected to remain flat throughout 2026, with limited new construction activity and only 231,870 square feet currently under development as landlords contend with liquidity constraints.