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Poland's regional office market comprised 6.73 million sq m across eight cities as of Q3 2025, with total leasing activity reaching 521,800 sq m (up 6% year-on-year) driven largely by IT, business services, and manufacturing sectors accounting for 52% of take-up. New supply delivery stalled at 18,000 sq m (down 76% year-on-year) while vacancy rose to 17.7% overall, with significant variation across markets ranging from 6.8% in Szczecin to 23.4% in Katowice, and prime headline rents for class A office space ranged from EUR 11.50 to EUR 17.00 per sq m per month.

This Knight Frank publication surveys Kraków's real estate market across office, retail, warehouse, hotel, residential, and investment sectors as of 2025. The office market section reports that Kraków holds 1.83 million square meters of office stock with a 19% vacancy rate, achieved 267,000 square meters in leasing demand in 2024 (the highest among Polish regional cities), and has 52,000 square meters under construction, with Class A rents ranging from EUR 14–18 per square meter per month.
Rotterdam has the highest office vacancy rate among the G4 Dutch cities at 10.9%, compared to Amsterdam (5.5%), The Hague (4.9%), and Utrecht (6.1%), with significant quality variations across sub-areas such as Kop van Zuid and the Central Business District. Savills research indicates that mixed-use development, residential conversions, and sustainability improvements, exemplified by projects like the Tree House development, are expected to positively impact vacancy rates and renew office stock in Rotterdam.

Colliers' Q1 2026 City Survey covers the Düsseldorf office and German industrial/logistics letting markets, reporting that office take-up across Germany's top seven markets totaled 613,500 sqm (down 14% year-over-year) with mixed performance by city, while the industrial and logistics sector recorded 1.5 million sqm of take-up (up 19% year-over-year) driven by increased large deals and growing Asian user presence. The office market faced weakness in the mid-sized segment and rising vacancy rates to 8.7%, while premium rents remained stable to rising; industrial and logistics markets saw 4% average rent growth and improved sentiment particularly in the big box sector.

The Lyon office investment market recorded €108 million in transaction volume during the first quarter of 2026, representing a 29% decline from the same period in 2025 and a 56% decline compared to the five-year average for first quarters. Prime yield rates remained stable, ranging from 5.50% to 5.75% for office space and 4.80% for logistics.

Cologne's office market recorded 45,000 sqm of take-up in Q1 2026, representing a 33% year-on-year decline and 24% below the long-term average, amid a challenging macroeconomic environment characterized by subdued activity and fragmented contract structure. Prime rent remained stable at €33.50 per sqm while average rent increased 3.9% year-on-year to €21.40 per sqm, with total vacant space rising to 515,000 sqm at a 6.5% vacancy rate, though modern vacancy declined to 115,000 sqm with a high pre-letting rate of 73% on 190,000 sqm of space under construction.

The document reports on the office real estate market in the Lyon metropolitan area for the first quarter of 2026, showing 30,898 square meters placed across 99 transactions with a 32% volume decline and 13% transaction decline compared to Q1 2025. Key findings indicate rental transactions dominated at 89% of activity, the new and restructured segment fell to 25% of placements, average transaction size decreased to 312 square meters, prime rental rates held steady at 380 euros per meter, and vacancy rates stood at 8.2% for the agglomeration and 8.4% for inner Lyon.

The Cologne commercial real estate investment market recorded €256 million in transaction volume during Q1 2026, representing a 194.9% increase year-over-year, with office properties dominating at 79.3% of total investment and the City Centre accounting for 52.4% of activity. Net prime yields remained stable for office assets at 4.40%, while retail high-street properties increased to 4.00% (+10 basis points) and logistics rose to 4.50% (+25 basis points) compared to Q1 2025.

This is a market report published by JLL in March 2026 covering office sector dynamics in Rotterdam, Netherlands during the first quarter of 2026.

Lyon's office rental market experienced historically low activity in the first quarter of 2026, with only 31,335 m² marketed and demand falling 32% year-over-year to its lowest level since 2015, while immediate supply rose 20% to 617,763 m² and vacancy reached 7.9%. Prime rental rates for regenerated assets in the 6th arrondissement held at 380 €/m²/year, while secondary market space averaged 186 €/m², with secondary stock comprising 71% of available supply.

The document presents a 2025 market overview of the Luxembourg office sector, showing office take-up of 179,500 square meters, representing a 34% increase compared to 2024 and a 4% decrease versus the 2020-2024 average. The occupier market recorded 186 transactions in 2025 with an average transaction size of 965 square meters and a median of 322 square meters, with 75% of transactions involving spaces smaller than 1,000 square meters, and the largest deal being JP Morgan's letting of 13,975 square meters at The Waves building in Kirchberg.

The Valencia office market report finds that prime buildings are expected to reach 100% occupancy in 2025, with current prime rents at €18.50 per square meter per month and new projects anticipated at €22–24 per square meter per month. Market availability stands below 4%, demand is driven by flexible workspace operators and technology companies, and approximately 35,000 square meters of new office supply is expected in strategic areas including the Marina zone, which has established itself as a new office hub.

Cushman & Wakefield's MarketBeat report for Luxembourg's office market in Q4 2025 covers economic indicators, take-up activity, rental rates, vacancy, and investment volumes, finding that annual take-up reached 179,000 sq m (23% below the ten-year average) with 65% concentrated in grade A buildings, while the market showed stable prime rents at €54/sq m/month in the CBD and a 5.20% overall vacancy rate. Key economic projections include GDP growth of 0.57% in 2025 with expectations to strengthen to 2.29% in 2026, HICP inflation at 3.3% in December 2025, and investment volume of €333 million across 10 deals for the full year.

Regional office real estate in France contracted by 9% in 2025 to 1.28 million square meters commercialized, with regions maintaining 44% of national volumes, though performance varied significantly by city with Lyon leading at 186,000 m² despite a 21% decline, while investment volumes fell 6% to 7.1 billion euros with office investment at 1.5 billion euros. Prime rental rates remained stable or progressed in most major regional metros, secondhand space dominated at 74% of leasing volumes, and REITs increased their presence to 34% of office investment while SCPIs declined to 27%.
The Cologne office leasing market achieved 230,100 square meters of annual turnover in 2025, approximately 5 percent above the previous year's 218,200 square meters, driven by a strong fourth quarter that recorded 65,300 square meters. The top rent remained stable at 33.00 euros per square meter while average rents rose to 20.60 euros per square meter (an 8 percent increase from Q4 2024), and the vacancy rate increased to 5.5 percent by December 2025 from 4.8 percent in Q4 2024, though this remained below the level of top-5 markets.

This is a market report published by CBRE in December 2025 covering the office sector in Vienna, Austria.

The 2025 market study by Brice Robert Arthur Loyd covers the commercial real estate market in Lyon and its metropolitan area across offices, activity spaces, logistics, and investment sectors. In 2025, the office market recorded 184,590 m² of placed demand across 449 transactions with a 7.7% vacancy rate, while the activity spaces market rebounded with 276,466 m² placed (up 7%) and 320 transactions, with the Grand Est zone dominating at 57% of volumes.

This is a data report published by CBRE on December 31, 2025, presenting office market figures for the fourth quarter of 2025 in Stockholm's central business district. The report covers the office sector in Stockholm, Sweden.

This is a market outlook and forecast report published by CBRE on December 31, 2025, covering the Austrian real estate market with focus on Vienna's office, hotel, investment, and data centre sectors. The report addresses capital markets activity and real estate trends across these four property types in Vienna and Austria.

This Cushman & Wakefield MarketBeat report analyzes Luxembourg's office market in Q3 2025, finding year-to-date take-up of 131,000 sq m and investment volume of €188 million amid an economy forecast to grow only 0.93% in 2025 due to weaker global conditions and U.S. tariff uncertainty. The report indicates occupier activity remains 20% below the 10-year average as businesses adopt a cautious stance, though prime rents in the Cloche d'Or district increased from €38 to €40/sq m/month and overall office vacancy stabilized at 5.17% following 78,000 sq m of new completions in Q3.

In the first three quarters of 2025, Düsseldorf's investment market recorded €766 million in investment volume, matching the previous year but remaining 55% below the 10-year average of €1.7 billion, with the market ranking fourth among A-cities behind Berlin, Munich, and Hamburg. Net prime yields stood at 4.50% for office properties, 3.95% for inner-city retail, and 4.40% for logistics properties, with no transactions exceeding €100 million recorded so far in the year.

This document analyzes Luxembourg's office market for the first nine months of 2025, reporting that office take-up reached 128,600 square meters, representing a 42 percent increase compared to the same period in 2024 and a 5 percent rise above the 2020-2024 average. The report notes that despite a Q3 slowdown, the market recorded 137 transactions across nine months, with 80 percent involving spaces smaller than 1,000 square meters, and identifies JP Morgan's 13,975 square meter lease at The Waves in Kirchberg as the largest deal.

In the third quarter of 2025, France's regional office market posted 628,000 square meters of transactions across seven major metropolitan areas, representing a 5% quarterly decline and a 21% fall below the ten-year average, with Lyon leading at 135,000 square meters despite a 17% annual decrease. Investment in regional commercial real estate totaled 4.4 billion euros over the first nine months of 2025, down 16% year-on-year, with office assets representing 700 million euros (16% of the total) and experiencing a 38% decline, while logistics dominated at 39% of invested volumes.

Luxembourg's office occupational market recorded take-up of 60,975 square meters in Q2 2025, marking one of the strongest quarters since early 2023, driven by large corporate demand for Grade A, ESG-compliant buildings, while prime rents remained stable at €54/sq m/month despite strong activity and vacancy held steady at 5.10% for the first time in several quarters. The investment market recorded modest recovery with €127 million in Q2 transactions, bringing H1 2025 cumulative investment to €158 million significantly below the five-year H1 average of €380 million, with prime yields adjusted downward to 4.90% reflecting cautiously improving sentiment for core assets.

This is a market report published by Colliers in June 2025 providing a snapshot of the property market in Edinburgh, Scotland, as of August 2025. The report covers capital markets, office, retail, and industrial sectors across the Edinburgh market.

This is a sector spotlight report published by Savills in June 2025 covering the office market in Edinburgh, UK. The report provides a market overview for May 2025.

This is a quarterly data report published by Savills on March 31, 2025, presenting occupational office market figures for Edinburgh in the first quarter of 2025.

By Q3 2024, Swedish office investment volumes reached SEK 15 billion with domestic investors accounting for 100% of total volume, driven primarily by Swedish institutions and pension funds representing 60% of office transaction volume, resulting in Stockholm achieving Europe's joint-lowest prime yield of 4.0%. Stockholm's CBD office market showed resilience with a vacancy rate of 7.6%—110 basis points below the European average—while coworking space growth slowed after expanding 400% since 2017, as traditional landlords offered more flexible leases and rising costs pressured operators.

Cologne's office leasing market achieved 206,000 m² in space volume during 2024, remaining near prior-year levels, with the vacancy rate rising 90 basis points to 3.8% and top rents declining 7% to €31.50/m² due to shortage of premium stock. The commercial investment market recorded €1.01 billion in transaction volume, up 62% year-over-year, driven primarily by two major acquisitions by the City of Cologne including the Rossio office building, with mixed-use properties representing the largest asset class at €385 million and public entities accounting for 65% of buyer volume.
Rotterdam recorded the strongest office rental growth in Europe at 28.3% year-on-year, driven by competition for high-quality space among large occupiers and demand for sustainable buildings, according to Cushman & Wakefield's DNA of Real Estate report tracking 43 European cities. Across the Netherlands, Amsterdam Schiphol logistics rents grew 11.1% year-on-year, retail rents increased 2.0% in Amsterdam and 6.3% in Rotterdam and The Hague, and European office rents averaged 5.4% annual growth with the Benelux region leading at 8.2%.

Düsseldorf's office market recorded take-up of approximately 220,000 sqm in 2024, representing a 21% decline from 2023 due to slow economic recovery, though small spaces up to 2,000 sqm increased by 3% while large contracts exceeding 2,000 sqm fell 49%. Prime rents reached €43.50 per sqm (up 9% year-over-year) and average rents stood at €18.90 per sqm, with vacancy rising to 11.5% overall (though only 8.6% in the city center) and consultancies leading sector demand at 19% of take-up, while the absence of major deals above 10,000 sqm reflected challenging economic conditions despite stable contract numbers compared to the prior year.

Zurich's office vacancy rate declined marginally to 5.2% in Q1 2026 from 5.3% in the previous quarter, with uneven vacancy trends across submarkets and a significant decrease in new-build activity alongside property repurposing reducing available office inventory. The document provides summary analysis of Zurich's current office real estate market conditions as of April 2, 2026.

Prime office rents across the UK's 15 key regional office markets rose by an average of 8.2% in 2025, with the Big Six markets (Birmingham, Bristol, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Leeds, and Manchester) experiencing stronger growth of 10.2%, driven by limited supply of high-quality space and strong occupier demand. Investment activity remained subdued at £938 million through Q3 2025, level with the prior year, though sentiment improved and sentiment indicators point to recovery expected in 2026 supported by high-profile asset disposals and improved financing conditions.

The Focus Report Copenhagen 2025 by Colliers covers the commercial property market in Copenhagen across five segments: office, retail, residential, industrial and logistics, providing market insights, historical rent developments, and key transaction data for Denmark's largest urban area of 1.4 million inhabitants. The report's main findings include that the office market shows a bright outlook with expected annual employment growth of 1.45% through 2028 and low vacancy rates around 7% despite construction activity declining 64% between 2021-2024, while the residential rental market remains robust and the industrial and logistics sector shows healthy occupancy with prospects for continued rental growth.
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This is a market report on the office sector in Manchester published by Savills in December 2025, providing an autumn 2025 spotlight on that market.

Glasgow's office market recorded 433,781 sq ft of total take-up in 2025 across 137 transactions, the highest annual total on record, with Grade A and Prime take-up reaching 229,087 sq ft (53% of total) and 31% higher than 2024 levels. Prime headline rent remained at £41.50 per sq ft in Q4 2025, having grown 28% over five years, with Savills projecting growth to at least £45 per sq ft by end of 2026 and £50 per sq ft by 2030, while overall availability decreased to 2.1 million sq ft with a 14.1% vacancy rate.

This is a data report published by CBRE on December 31, 2025, presenting office market figures for Stuttgart, Germany in the second half of 2025.

This is a market report published by Colliers at the end of 2025 providing an overview of the office sector in Italy during the fourth quarter, with Rome identified as a key market representing 28% of office investment activity.

The Colliers Denmark Market Report 2025 analyzes Danish commercial property market trends across six segments (office, residential, retail, industrial and logistics, hotel, and other), reporting a total transaction volume of DKK 52 billion in 2024, up modestly from 2023 but still significantly below historical averages, with residential properties accounting for 50 percent of transactions and Greater Copenhagen comprising 60 percent of all deals. The report identifies signs of market recovery in late 2024, particularly in residential and industrial/logistics segments, expects renewed international investor participation in 2025 as interest rates decline, and notes that despite yield decompression, positive rental growth in Greater Copenhagen delivered a 5.15 percent total return on commercial property in 2024.

This is a market report published by CBRE in September 2025 covering the office sector in Manchester, United Kingdom.

Avison Young's Manchester outlook report assesses the city's real estate market during economic transition marked by rising interest rates, noting that property values have corrected and deal volumes have fallen, though some sectors like Big Box industrial show early recovery signs. The report projects Manchester will outperform the UK on economic growth driven by services and knowledge industries, highlights major office redevelopment schemes attracting major financial institutions, notes a 68% decline in big-box industrial take-up due to economic slowdown and low supply, and identifies Manchester as the second-most active residential investment market after London over the previous decade.

Stuttgart's office rental market recorded slightly below-average space turnover in the first three quarters of 2025 due to lack of large contracts in Q3, though broad tenant demand persisted across all size segments and rental revenue remained near the five-year average, while the vacancy rate rose 120 basis points to 6.6% primarily due to obsolete properties in outer districts, contrasting with sustained rent growth in central City and Innenstadt submarkets for modern, high-quality, ESG-compliant office space. The investment market showed early recovery signs in Q3 2025 with transaction volumes exceeding 80 million euros, driven primarily by private investors and family offices on the buyer side, with mixed-use properties representing the dominant asset class at 66% and a top gross yield of 4.8% for office properties.

This is a market report published by Colliers in September 2025 providing a snapshot of the office sector in Manchester during the third quarter of 2025. The report covers regional office market conditions in this UK location.

This is a data and figures report published by Savills on September 30, 2025, presenting occupational office market data for Manchester in the third quarter of 2025.

UK commercial real estate investment volumes totalled £10.4 billion in Q3 2025, the lowest quarterly figure since Q4 2023, with year-to-date totals of £40 billion representing 3.9% growth over the same period in 2024. The MSCI UK Quarterly Property Index delivered a 1.4% total return for Q3 2025, marking the sixth consecutive positive quarter, with retail posting the strongest performance at 2% quarterly returns and 9.2% annualized returns, while institutional investor activity began showing signs of recovery across multiple sectors.

Manchester's office market in H1 2025 recorded 581,542 sq ft of take-up across 102 transactions, representing 14% growth over H1 2024 and the largest first half since 2019, with Grade A and Prime space accounting for 57% of activity. Overall availability decreased to 2.9 million sq ft with a vacancy rate of 11.1%, while the TMT sector led activity with 42% of total leasing, and Prime headline rents reached £45 per sq ft with developers commencing speculative construction including Landsec's 243,000 sq ft Republic scheme in Mayfield.

BNP Paribas Real Estate's H1 2025 Investment Market report for Stuttgart documents commercial real estate transaction activity, finding approximately €183 million invested across the first half of 2025 (€71 million in Q1 and €112 million in Q2), representing 70% below the long-term average despite a marginal 2% year-over-year increase. Logistics assets dominated with 58.4% market share, office investments accounted for 30.6%, prime yields remained stable at 4.40% for office, 4.25% for logistics, and 3.85% for retail, while 69.4% of investment concentration shifted to the periphery driven by logistics deals, with no transactions exceeding €50 million completed.

The document analyzes Italy's office real estate market in the first half of 2025, reporting investment volumes of €900 million (up 15% year-over-year) with 29 deals, while Milan accounted for 79% of activity with prime rents at €750/sqm/year in the CBD Historic Centre. Milan's leasing market achieved 206,000 sqm take-up (up 17% year-over-year), marked as the second-strongest semester in five years, with occupiers increasingly favoring smaller flexible spaces under 1,000 sqm and Grade A space representing 77% of total leasing activity.

Glasgow's office market experienced record take-up of 439,367 square feet in 2024 across 126 transactions, driven primarily by the legal sector which accounted for 41% of professional sector activity, while the market faces acute supply constraints with only 0.8 years of prime office stock available and prime rents exceeding £40 per square foot. The document identifies emerging growth sectors including health tech, fintech, and creative industries alongside traditional strengths in engineering and professional services, with approximately 874 fast-growth private companies and £267 million in venture capital raised over recent years positioned to drive future office demand.
Dils' Q1 2025 analysis of the Italian real estate market reports total investments of approximately €2.7 billion, a 44% increase versus Q1 2024, with the Hospitality sector leading at €660 million and Logistics at €640 million. Rome's office market recorded take-up of 34,000 sqm with prime rent reaching €610/sqm/year, while Milan's office sector saw 105,000 sqm take-up and stable prime rent at €775/sqm/year, with national prime logistics yields declining to 5.30%.

The report analyzes occupier market trends across four Dutch office markets in 2025: Amsterdam experienced a 14% decline in office take-up to approximately 180,000 sq m, driven by reduced demand for larger spaces and a shift toward units of 200-1,000 sq m, with availability remaining largely unchanged at 990,000 sq m (15.5% of total stock). The Hague saw a notable increase in demand with approximately 104,000 sq m leased (70% higher than 2023), primarily driven by the Central Government Real Estate Agency taking 77,000 sq m, while Rotterdam maintained steady take-up at 87,000 sq m and Utrecht achieved surprisingly strong demand at 115,000 sq m, well above 2023 levels, largely due to major leases from PGGM and De Volksbank.

Stuttgart's office rental market recorded 197,200 square meters in transaction volume during 2024, up 26 percent year-over-year, driven by large lettings exceeding 10,000 square meters and high public sector activity, though vacancy rose to 5.8 percent with divergence between central locations and peripheral districts. The investment market saw commercial transaction volume of 452 million euros in 2024, up 0.7 percent, with mixed-use properties accounting for 48 percent of deals and private investors/family offices representing the largest buyer group at 40 percent.

This is a real estate market outlook report published by CBRE on December 31, 2024, covering investment opportunities and sector performance in Oslo, Norway for 2025, with coverage spanning office, multifamily, retail, and industrial sectors along with capital markets analysis.

This is a market report published by CBRE in March 2026 covering the office sector in Geneva, Switzerland for the first quarter of 2026.

Birmingham's office market recorded take-up of 143,464 sq ft in Q1 2026, with city centre deals totalling 106,724 sq ft across 24 transactions while out-of-town activity generated 36,470 sq ft in 6 deals. Prime rent reached £52 per square foot, representing 12% quarterly growth and 20% annual growth, vacancy remained at 11.4% (down 50 basis points year-on-year), and future supply is constrained with only 155,000 sq ft annually forecast for delivery over 2026–2028 compared to the historical average of 330,000 sq ft.

This is a market report published by Savills in December 2025 covering the office sector in Birmingham, UK.

Leeds office market take-up reached 625,646 sq ft across 105 transactions in 2025, with Grade A and Prime space accounting for 375,592 sq ft (60% of total take-up), while prime rent increased 18% to £46 per sq ft and overall availability fell to 886,513 sq ft with a 7.2% vacancy rate by Q4 2025. Public services, education, and health was the most active sector at 32% of take-up, led by National Rail's 108,576 sq ft acquisition at 2 Princes Square, and Savills forecasts headline rents will reach £58 per sq ft by 2030 based on revised projections.

Leeds office market take-up totalled 625,646 sq ft across 105 transactions in 2025, matching the five-year annual average and representing activity 9% above the five-year average, with Grade A and Prime space accounting for 60% of total take-up at 375,592 sq ft. Headline rents increased 18% year-on-year to £46 per sq ft in Q3 2025, with forecasts predicting 26% growth over the next five years to exceed £58 per sq ft by 2029, while total availability fell to 886,513 sq ft with a 7.2% vacancy rate, and public services, education and health remained the most active sector at 32% of take-up.

Savills Research reports that Leeds office take-up in Q1–Q3 2025 totalled 482,286 sq ft across 78 transactions, representing 12% above the five-year average and 57% Grade A and Prime space, with the Public Services, Education & Health sector accounting for 34% of leasing activity. Total availability at end-Q3 2025 reached 979,103 sq ft with a vacancy rate of 8.0%, while prime rent established a new headline of £46 per sq ft in Q3 2025, up 18% year-on-year, with forecasts predicting growth to over £51 per sq ft by 2029.

This is a data and figures report published by Savills on 30 September 2025 presenting occupational office market information for Leeds in the third quarter of 2025. The report covers the office sector in the Leeds area within the UK.